I continue the definitions of some biblical concepts as somebody asked me. Unfortunately, I was very busy, so I apologize for the long delay. The word "world" has more than one meaning in the Bible.
Strictly speaking, in the Old Testament, there is no word for "world." The word that sometimes is translated as "world" is "olam." According to The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, this word means:
1. Long duration, antiquity, futurity
2. Ancient time
3. Futurity
4. Continuous existence
5. Everlasting
6. Indefinite, unending future
7. Age (duration) of the world
8. Everlastingness, eternity
The corresponding Greek word is "aion." According to A Concise Greek-English Dictionary of the New Testament by Barclay M. Newman, it means:
1. Age, eternity
2. Time, age; world order
3. World, present life
So, the main meaning of both "olam" and "aion" is "age(s) or eternity."
The Greek word for "world" is "kosmos." According to A Concise Greek-English Dictionary of the New Testament by Barclay M. Newman, this word means:
1. World, universe; the totality of all the things in the universe
2. Earth
3. People, mankind (especially, people who are negative to God)
4. World order
5. Decoration
According to A Theology of the New Testament by George Eldon Ladd, originally, "aion" had the meaning "age." Later its meaning was changed and this word meant not only "age", but also "world." Paul used "aion" and "kosmos" in interchangeable way. In Ephesians 2:2, he used both words in the expression "the age of this world" ("ho aion tou kosmou toutou").
Ladd writes that in the Pauline theology, the word "kosmos" has the following meanings:
1. The universe, everything that exists
2. The inhabited world, the realm of mankind
3. Mankind, the whole human community
4. Humanity as sinful and hostile to God
5. The totality of human activity
According to Ladd, in the Johannine theology, the word "kosmos" means:
1. Created world order
2. The earth
3. Mankind, people as those who live on the earth
4. People as the object of God's love and salvation
5. People as those who are fallen, sinful, rebellious and alienated from God
According to New Testament Theology by Leon Morris, the word "kosmos" originally meant "order" and later was used to denote an ornament or decoration. Then, this word began to denote the universe as the most orderly and beautiful thing. Later, it was also used to denote the earth as the most important part of the universe. Then, it began to denote people themselves as the most important objects on the earth. According to Morris, John used this word for people, denoting:
1. Those who respond to the gospel and get salvation
2. Those who resist Christ and His people
3. People as the object of God's love
In conclusion, the main meanings of "kosmos" in the New Testament are: the universe, the earth, the mankind, the people as those who resist God. In Johannine theology, this word is also used to denote people as the object of God's love.
Friday, July 10, 2009
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4 comments:
1 john 2:15-17
15Love not the world, neither the things that are in the world. If any man love the world, the love of the Father is not in him.
16For all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh, and the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life, is not of the Father, but is of the world.
playng vollyball, camping, having fun, etc.
are not worldy
only lust of flesh, lust of eyes, boastful pride of life
I guess it is one of the verses quite often misused in Bible-based cults. I think the main problem here is when cult leaders make lists of "worldly things": sports, amusements, movies, television, some clothes, and whatever else. In fact, it is addition to the Bible what it does not say.
Some evangelical theologians say that there are three kinds of things:
1. Those that are clearly forbidden in the Bible.
2. Those that are clearly allowed.
3. Those that are neither clearly forbidden nor clearly allowed. In these cases, Christians should seek for God's personal leading, but they should not make a law to others.
I believe this is the most correct approach to these things. The Bible does not forbid sports, amusements, and so on. If some Christians think that they should not practice them, it is their personal affair, but they should not forbid others to do them. In addition, there is no indication that those who abstain from these things are more "spiritual" than others.
The Bible allows personal freedom of choices and opinions in many matters. A Christian can decide for himself/herself what is the world and what it means not to love the world, what matters and things it involves, and so on. The Bible does not give clear answers in these matters.
also if we look again at our new definitions of lust and flesh
we can more accurately understand what is the worldly lust of the flesh....
to me lust is a very very strong desire and the flesh is depravity
In my opinion, what is said in 1 John 2:16, is that in the world, there are three things:
1. The lust of the flesh,
2. The lust of the eyes,
3. The pride of life
So, I think this verse speaks that the lust of the flesh is in the world, not about the worldly lust of the flesh. I guess in this verse "the lust of the flesh" denotes a desire to commit a sin, as in other verses.
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